一、 什么是thrift
thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的发展软件框架。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈的代码生成引擎,以建设服务。
thrift是facebook开发的, 创造thrift是为了解决facebook系统中各系统间大数据量的传 输通信以及系统之间语言环境不同需要跨平台的特性。 所以thrift可以支持多种程序语言,例如: C++, C#, Cocoa, Erlang, Haskell, Java, Ocami, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk. 在多种不同的语言之间通信thrift可以作为二进制的高性能的通讯中间件,支持数据(对象)序列化和多种类型的RPC服务。
thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。 简而言之,开发者只需准备一份thrift脚本,通过thrift code generator(像gcc那样输入一个命令)就能生成所要求的开发语言代码 。不支持windows。
二、thrift怎么工作?
java rmi的例子,代码见附件,建立一个java rmi的流程 :
>>>定义一个服务调用接口 。
>>>server端:接口实现---impl的实例---注册该服务实现(端口)---启动服务。
>>>client端:通过ip、端口、服务名,得到服务,通过接口来调用 。
>>>rmi数据传输方式:java对象序列化 。
Thrift 服务
>>>例同rmi ,需要定义通信接口、实现、注册服务、绑定端口……
>>>如何多种语言之间通信 ?
>>>数据传输走socket(多种语言均支持),数据再以特定的格式(String ),发送,接收方语言解析 。
Object ---> String ---> Object 。
问题:编码、解析完全需要自己做 ,复杂的数据结构会编码困难 .
Thrift 服务 :thrift的中间编码层
>>>java Object ---> Thrift Object ---> php Object
>>> 定义thrift的文件 ,由thrift文件(IDL)生成 双方语言的接口、model ,在生成的model以及接口中会有解码编码的代码 。
>>>thrift 文件例子
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen java TestThrift.thrift 生成java 代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen php TestThrift.thrift 生成php代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen py TestThrift.thrift 生成python代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen as3 TestThrift.thrift 生成as3代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen cpp TestThrift.thrift 生成C++代码
三、Thrift IDL
Thrift了解2: Thrift使用方法
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftTypes
四、Thrift Demo
Thrift IDL 文件
namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index
struct NewsModel{
1:i32 id ;
2:string title;
3:string content;
4:string media_from;
5:string author;
}
service IndexNewsOperatorServices {
bool indexNews(1:NewsModel indexNews),
bool deleteArtificiallyNews(1:i32 id )
}
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java server
package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory;
public class ThriftServerTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl());
try{
TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",9813));
Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport);
trArgs.processor(processor);
//使用二进制来编码应用层的数据
trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true));
//使用普通的socket来传输数据
trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory());
TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs);
System.out.println("server begin ......................");
server.serve();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
server.stop();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage());
}
}
}
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java client
package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
public class ThriftClientTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws TException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
// TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090);
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123456);
NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel();
newsModel.setId(789456);
newsModel.setTitle("this from java client");
newsModel.setContent(" 世界杯比赛前,由于塞尔维亚和黑山突然宣布分裂,国际足联开会决定剔除塞黑,由世界上球迷最多的国家顶替,名额恰巧来到中国。举国上下一片欢腾,中国足协决定由“成世铎”(成龙+阎世铎)组队,进军世界杯。");
newsModel.setAuthor("ddc");
newsModel.setMedia_from("新华08");
client.indexNews(newsModel);
transport.close();
System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
System.out.println("client sucess!");
}
}
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php client
<?php
$GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'] = '/home/tjiang/demo/thrift/lib/php/src';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/Thrift.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TSocket.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/THttpClient.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TBufferedTransport.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/TestThrift_types.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/IndexNewsOperatorServices.php';
$data=array(
'id'=>'1',
'title'=>'demo-标题',
'content'=>'demo-内容',
'media_from'=>'hexun',
'author'=>'xiaodi667'
);
$thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41';
$transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813);
$transport->open();
$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);
$client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol);
$obj = new NewsModel($data);
$result = $client->indexNews($obj);
$transport->close();
?>
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python client
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
import sys
from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel
from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client
from thrift import Thrift
from thrift.transport import TSocket
from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
try:
# Make socket
transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813)
# Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow
transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
# Wrap in a protocol
protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
# Create a client to use the protocol encoder
client = Client(protocol)
# Connect!
transport.open()
client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123)
newsModel=NewsModel()
newsModel.id=123456
newsModel.title="python Test"
newsModel.content="client test come from python";
newsModel.media_from="xinhua08"
client.indexNews(newsModel)
#close
transport.close()
except Thrift.TException, tx:
print '%s' % (tx.message)
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Csharp client TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
transport.Open();
NewsModel model = new NewsModel();
model.Author = "jww";
model.Title = "title";
model.Content = "client Come From CSharp";
model.Id = 1;
client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123);
Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));
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五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用(java 为例)
1、model interface
服务的调用接口以及接口参数model、返回值model
2、Tprotocol 协议层
将数据(model)编码 、解码 。
3、Ttramsport 传输层
编码后的数据传输(简单socket、http)
5、Tserver
服务的Tserver类型,实现了几种rpc调用(单线程、多线程、非阻塞IO)
六、与protocolbuffer的区别
http://liuchangit.com/development/346.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questio ... vs-protocol-buffers
区别:
1、Another important difference are the languages supported by default. protobuf: Java, C++, Python Thrift: Java, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, Ocaml
支持语言不同,thrift支持着更多的语言 。
2、Thrift supports ‘exceptions 。
thrift支持服务的异常 。
3、Protocol Buffers much easier to read 。Protobuf API looks cleaner, though the generated classes are all packed as an inner classes which is not so nice.
Protocol Buffers 在文档方面比thrift丰富,而且比thrift简单 。
4、Protobuf serialized objects are about 30% smaller then Thrift.
Protocol Buffers在序列化/反序列化、传输上性能更优 。
5、RPC is another key difference. Thrift generates code to implement RPC clients and servers wheres Protocol Buffers seems mostly designed as a data-interchange format alone.
thrift提供了一套完整的rpc服务实现(多线程socket、非阻塞的socket....)
6、And according to the wiki the Thrift runtime doesn't run on Windows.
thrift 对有些语言在windows上不支持:C++ .....
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Thrift了解2: Thrift使用方法