在基于HBase数据库的开发中,对应Java语言来说,可以直接使用HBase的原生API来操作HBase表数据,当然你要是不嫌麻烦可以使用Thrift客户端Java API。对于具有其他编程语言背景的开发人员,为了获取HBase带来的好处,那么就可以选择使用HBase Thrift客户端对应编程语言的API,来实现与HBase的交互。
这里,我们使用C#客户端来操作HBase。HBase的Thrift接口的定义,我们需要安装Thrift编译器,才能生成HBase跨语言的API,这里,我使用的版本是0.9.0。需要注意的是,一定要保证,安装了某个版本Thrift的Thrift编译器,在导入对应语言库的时候,版本一定要统一,否则就会出现各种各样的问题,因为不同Thrift版本,对应编程语言的库API可能有变化。
执行如下命令,生成C#编程语言的HBase Thrift客户端API:(通过下面,我们知道首先需要Hbase.thrift)
- [hadoop@master hbase]$ thrift --gen csharp Hbase.thrift
- [hadoop@master hbase]$ ls
- gen-csharp
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这里,我们基于C#语言,使用HBase 的Thrift 客户端API访问HBase表。事实上,如果使用Java来实现对HBase表的操作,最好是使用HBase的原生API,无论从性能还是便利性方面,都会提供更好的体验。使用Thrift API访问,实际也是在HBase API之上进行了一层封装,可能初次使用Thrift API感觉很别扭,有时候还要参考Thrift服务端的实现代码。
准备工作如下:
- 下载Thrift软件包,解压缩后,拷贝thrift-0.9.0/lib/java/src下面的代码到工作区(开发工具中)
- 将上面生成的gen-csharp目录中代码拷贝到工作区
- 保证HBase集群正常运行,接着启动HBase的Thrift服务,执行如下命令:
- bin/hbase thrift -b master -p 9090 start
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上面,HBase的Thrift服务端口为9090,下面通过Thrift API访问的时候,需要用到,而不是HBase的服务端口(默认60000)。
接着,实现一个简单的例子,访问Hbase表。
首先,我们通过HBase Shell创建一个表:- create 'test_info', 'info'
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表名为test_info,列簇名称为info。
然后,我们开始基于上面生成的Thrift代码来实现对HBase表的操作。
这里,我们实际上是对HBase Thrift客户端Java API实践中的Java代码进行了翻译,改写成C#语言的相关操作。我们在客户端,进行了一层抽象,更加便于传递各种参数,抽象类为AbstractHBaseThriftService,对应的命名空间为HbaseThrift.HBase.Thrift,该类实现代码如下所示:- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
- using Thrift.Transport;
- using Thrift.Protocol;
-
- namespace HbaseThrift.HBase.Thrift
- {
- public abstract class AbstractHBaseThriftService
- {
- protected static readonly string CHARSET = "UTF-8";
- private string host = "localhost";
- private int port = 9090;
- private readonly TTransport transport;
- protected readonly Hbase.Client client;
-
- public AbstractHBaseThriftService() : this("localhost", 9090)
- {
-
- }
-
- public AbstractHBaseThriftService(string host, int port)
- {
- this.host = host;
- this.port = port;
- transport = new TSocket(host, port);
- TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport, true, true);
- client = new Hbase.Client(protocol);
- }
-
- public void Open() {
- if (transport != null)
- {
- transport.Open();
- }
- }
-
- public void Close()
- {
- if (transport != null)
- {
- transport.Close();
- }
- }
-
- public abstract List<string> GetTables();
-
- public abstract void Update(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal,
- string fieldName, string fieldValue, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract void Update(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal,
- Dictionary<string, string> fieldNameValues, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
-
- public abstract void DeleteCell(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal,
- string column, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract void DeleteCells(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal,
- List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
-
- public abstract void DeleteRow(string table, string rowKey,
- Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
-
- public abstract int ScannerOpen(string table, string startRow, List<string> columns,
- Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract int ScannerOpen(string table, string startRow, string stopRow, List<string> columns,
- Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract int ScannerOpenWithPrefix(string table, string startAndPrefix,
- List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract int ScannerOpenTs(string table, string startRow,
- List<string> columns, long timestamp, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract int ScannerOpenTs(string table, string startRow, string stopRow,
- List<string> columns, long timestamp, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
-
- public abstract List<TRowResult> ScannerGetList(int id, int nbRows);
- public abstract List<TRowResult> ScannerGet(int id);
-
- public abstract List<TRowResult> GetRow(string table, string row,
- Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract List<TRowResult> GetRows(string table,
- List<string> rows, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
- public abstract List<TRowResult> GetRowsWithColumns(string table,
- List<string> rows, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes);
-
- public abstract void ScannerClose(int id);
-
- /**
- * Iterate result rows(just for test purpose)
- * @param result
- */
- public abstract void IterateResults(TRowResult result);
-
- }
- }
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这里,简单叙述一下,我们提供的客户端API的基本功能:
- 建立到Thrift服务的连接:Open()
- 获取到HBase中的所有表名:GetTables()
- 更新HBase表记录:Update()
- 删除HBase表中一行的记录的数据(cell):DeleteCell()和DeleCells()
- 删除HBase表中一行记录:deleteRow()
- 打开一个Scanner,返回id:ScannerOpen()、ScannerOpenWithPrefix()和ScannerOpenTs();然后用返回的id迭代记录:ScannerGetList()和ScannerGet()
- 获取一行记录结果:GetRow()、GetRows()和GetRowsWithColumns()
- 关闭一个Scanner:ScannerClose()
- 迭代结果,用于调试:IterateResults()
比如,我们想要实现分页的逻辑,可能和传统的关系型数据库操作有些不同。基于HBase表的实现是,首先打开一个Scanner实例(例如调用ScannerOpen()),返回一个id,然后再使用该id,调用ScannerGetList()方法(可以指定每次返回几条记录的变量nbRows的值),返回一个记录列表,反复调用该ScannerGetList()方法,直到此次没有结果返回为止。后面会通过测试用例来实际体会。
现在,我们基于上抽象出来的客户端操作接口,给出一个基本的实现,代码如下所示:- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
- namespace HbaseThrift.HBase.Thrift
- {
- class HBaseThriftClient : AbstractHBaseThriftService
- {
- public HBaseThriftClient() : this("localhost", 9090)
- {
-
- }
-
- public HBaseThriftClient(string host, int port) : base(host, port)
- {
-
- }
-
- public override List<string> GetTables()
- {
- List<byte[]> tables = client.getTableNames();
- List<String> list = new List<String>();
- foreach(byte[] table in tables)
- {
- list.Add(Decode(table));
- }
- return list;
- }
-
- public override void Update(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal, string fieldName, string fieldValue, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] row = Encode(rowKey);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- List<Mutation> mutations = new List<Mutation>();
- Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
- mutation.IsDelete = false;
- mutation.WriteToWAL = writeToWal;
- mutation.Column = Encode(fieldName);
- mutation.Value = Encode(fieldValue);
- mutations.Add(mutation);
- client.mutateRow(tableName, row, mutations, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override void Update(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal, Dictionary<string, string> fieldNameValues, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] row = Encode(rowKey);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- List<Mutation> mutations = new List<Mutation>();
- foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> pair in fieldNameValues)
- {
- Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
- mutation.IsDelete = false;
- mutation.WriteToWAL = writeToWal;
- mutation.Column = Encode(pair.Key);
- mutation.Value = Encode(pair.Value);
- mutations.Add(mutation);
- }
- client.mutateRow(tableName, row, mutations, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override void DeleteCell(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal, string column, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] row = Encode(rowKey);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- List<Mutation> mutations = new List<Mutation>();
- Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
- mutation.IsDelete = true;
- mutation.WriteToWAL = writeToWal;
- mutation.Column = Encode(column);
- mutations.Add(mutation);
- client.mutateRow(tableName, row, mutations, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override void DeleteCells(string table, string rowKey, bool writeToWal, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] row = Encode(rowKey);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- List<Mutation> mutations = new List<Mutation>();
- foreach (string column in columns)
- {
- Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
- mutation.IsDelete = true;
- mutation.WriteToWAL = writeToWal;
- mutation.Column = Encode(column);
- mutations.Add(mutation);
- }
- client.mutateRow(tableName, row, mutations, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override void DeleteRow(string table, string rowKey, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] row = Encode(rowKey);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- client.deleteAllRow(tableName, row, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override int ScannerOpen(string table, string startRow, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] start = Encode(startRow);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.scannerOpen(tableName, start, encodedColumns, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override int ScannerOpen(string table, string startRow, string stopRow, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] start = Encode(startRow);
- byte[] stop = Encode(stopRow);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.scannerOpenWithStop(tableName, start, stop, encodedColumns, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override int ScannerOpenWithPrefix(string table, string startAndPrefix, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] prefix = Encode(startAndPrefix);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.scannerOpenWithPrefix(tableName, prefix, encodedColumns, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override int ScannerOpenTs(string table, string startRow, List<string> columns, long timestamp, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] start = Encode(startRow);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.scannerOpenTs(tableName, start, encodedColumns, timestamp, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override int ScannerOpenTs(string table, string startRow, string stopRow, List<string> columns, long timestamp, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] start = Encode(startRow);
- byte[] stop = Encode(stopRow);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.scannerOpenWithStopTs(tableName, start, stop, encodedColumns, timestamp, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override List<TRowResult> ScannerGetList(int id, int nbRows)
- {
- return client.scannerGetList(id, nbRows);
- }
-
- public override List<TRowResult> ScannerGet(int id)
- {
- return client.scannerGet(id);
- }
-
- public override List<TRowResult> GetRow(string table, string row, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- byte[] startRow = Encode(row);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.getRow(tableName, startRow, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override List<TRowResult> GetRows(string table, List<string> rows, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- List<byte[]> encodedRows = EncodeStringList(rows);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.getRows(tableName, encodedRows, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override List<TRowResult> GetRowsWithColumns(string table, List<string> rows, List<string> columns, Dictionary<string, string> attributes)
- {
- byte[] tableName = Encode(table);
- List<byte[]> encodedRows = EncodeStringList(rows);
- List<byte[]> encodedColumns = EncodeStringList(columns);
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = EncodeAttributes(attributes);
- return client.getRowsWithColumns(tableName, encodedRows, encodedColumns, encodedAttributes);
- }
-
- public override void ScannerClose(int id)
- {
- client.scannerClose(id);
- }
-
- public override void IterateResults(TRowResult result)
- {
- foreach (KeyValuePair<byte[], TCell> pair in result.Columns)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("\tCol=" + Decode(pair.Key) + ", Value=" + Decode(pair.Value.Value));
- }
- }
-
- private String Decode(byte[] bs)
- {
- return UTF8Encoding.Default.GetString(bs);
- }
-
- private byte[] Encode(String str)
- {
- return UTF8Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
- }
-
- private Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> EncodeAttributes(Dictionary<String, String> attributes)
- {
- Dictionary<byte[], byte[]> encodedAttributes = new Dictionary<byte[], byte[]>();
- foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> pair in attributes)
- {
- encodedAttributes.Add(Encode(pair.Key), Encode(pair.Value));
- }
- return encodedAttributes;
- }
-
- private List<byte[]> EncodeStringList(List<String> strings)
- {
- List<byte[]> list = new List<byte[]>();
- if (strings != null)
- {
- foreach (String str in strings)
- {
- list.Add(Encode(str));
- }
- }
- return list;
- }
- }
- }
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上面代码,给出了基本的实现,接着我们给出测试用例,调用我们实现的客户端操作,与HBase表进行交互。实现的测试用例类如下所示:- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
- namespace HbaseThrift.HBase.Thrift
- {
- class Test
- {
- private readonly AbstractHBaseThriftService client;
-
- public Test(String host, int port)
- {
- client = new HBaseThriftClient(host, port);
- }
-
- public Test() : this("master", 9090)
- {
-
- }
-
- static String RandomlyBirthday()
- {
- Random r = new Random();
- int year = 1900 + r.Next(100);
- int month = 1 + r.Next(12);
- int date = 1 + r.Next(30);
- return year + "-" + month.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0') + "-" + date.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
- }
-
- static String RandomlyGender()
- {
- Random r = new Random();
- int flag = r.Next(2);
- return flag == 0 ? "M" : "F";
- }
-
- static String RandomlyUserType()
- {
- Random r = new Random();
- int flag = 1 + r.Next(10);
- return flag.ToString();
- }
-
- public void Close()
- {
- client.Close();
- }
-
- public void CaseForUpdate() {
- bool writeToWal = false;
- Dictionary<String, String> attributes = new Dictionary<String, String>(0);
- string table = SetTable();
- // put kv pairs
- for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
- string rowKey = i.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0');
- Dictionary<String, String> fieldNameValues = new Dictionary<String, String>();
- fieldNameValues.Add("info:birthday", RandomlyBirthday());
- fieldNameValues.Add("info:user_type", RandomlyUserType());
- fieldNameValues.Add("info:gender", RandomlyGender());
- client.Update(table, rowKey, writeToWal, fieldNameValues, attributes);
- }
- }
-
- public void CaseForDeleteCells() {
- bool writeToWal = false;
- Dictionary<String, String> attributes = new Dictionary<String, String>(0);
- String table = SetTable();
- // put kv pairs
- for (long i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
- String rowKey = i.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0');
- List<String> columns = new List<String>(0);
- columns.Add("info:birthday");
- client.DeleteCells(table, rowKey, writeToWal, columns, attributes);
- }
- }
-
- public void CaseForDeleteRow() {
- Dictionary<String, String> attributes = new Dictionary<String, String>(0);
- String table = SetTable();
- // delete rows
- for (long i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
- String rowKey = i.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0');
- client.DeleteRow(table, rowKey, attributes);
- }
- }
-
- public void CaseForScan() {
- Dictionary<String, String> attributes = new Dictionary<String, String>(0);
- String table = SetTable();
- String startRow = "0005";
- String stopRow = "0015";
- List<String> columns = new List<String>(0);
- columns.Add("info:birthday");
- int id = client.ScannerOpen(table, startRow, stopRow, columns, attributes);
- int nbRows = 2;
- List<TRowResult> results = client.ScannerGetList(id, nbRows);
- while(results != null) {
- foreach(TRowResult result in results) {
- client.IterateResults(result);
- }
- results = client.ScannerGetList(id, nbRows);
- }
- client.ScannerClose(id);
- }
-
- public void CaseForGet() {
- Dictionary<String, String> attributes = new Dictionary<String, String>(0);
- String table = SetTable();
- List<String> rows = new List<String>(0);
- rows.Add("0009");
- rows.Add("0098");
- rows.Add("0999");
- List<String> columns = new List<String>(0);
- columns.Add("info:birthday");
- columns.Add("info:gender");
- List<TRowResult> results = client.GetRowsWithColumns(table, rows, columns, attributes);
- foreach(TRowResult result in results) {
- client.IterateResults(result);
- }
- }
-
- private string SetTable()
- {
- string table = "test_info";
- return table;
- }
-
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- Test test = new Test();
- //test.CaseForUpdate(); // insert or update rows/cells
- //test.CaseForDeleteCells(); // delete cells
- //test.CaseForDeleteRow(); // delete rows
- test.CaseForScan(); // scan rows
- //test.CaseForGet(); // get rows
-
- test.Close();
- }
-
- }
- }
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上面的测试可以实现操作Hbase表数据。另外,在生成的Thrift客户端代码中,Iface中给出了全部的服务接口,可以根据需要来选择,客户端Client实现了与Thrift交互的一些逻辑的处理,通过该类对象可以代理HBase提供的Thrift服务。
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Thrift了解3:Thrift使用实例--生成各种语言指导
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