本帖最后由 pig2 于 2014-9-28 21:09 编辑
问题导读
1、如何方便、快速、有效得在Eclipse下编译打包Scala应用程序?
2、怎样使用Sb来构建发布程序?
3、添加sbt eclipse插件有哪些配置方式?
由于Scala有一个比较完备的Eclipse IDE(Scala IDE for Eclipse), 对于不想从eclipse迁移到Iea平台的Dev来说,如何方便、快速、有效得在Eclipse下编译打包开发Scala应用程序尤为重要。Sbt是类似Maven的一个构建工具,我们将使用它来构建发布程序。
本文会介绍搭建Eclipse开发Scala应用程序的一般步骤,并结合实例演示sbt工具在eclipse里是如何创建项目文件,和编译打包部署程序的。
这里做个备忘,也为初学者少走弯路而做出点小小的贡献。
一、环境准备:
1、Scala : http://www.scala-lang.org/
2、Scala IDE for Eclipse : http://scala-ide.org
3、Sbt: http://www.scala-sbt.org/
4、Sbt Eclipse : https://github.com/typesafehub/sbteclipse typesafe的一个sbt for eclipse的助手,可以帮助生成eclipse
5、Sbt Assembly : https://github.com/sbt/sbt-assembly 发布应用程序的一个sbt插件。
以上列出均为开发时必须的软件环境:
我的,Scala版本是2.10.3, Sbt版本是0.13
二、sbt生成scala eclipse项目:
我们想要在Eclipse里开发scala应用并符合sbt发布程序的文件结构(类似Maven结构),除了手工建立文件结构,还可以采用sbt eclipse的配置方法。
2.1、添加sbt eclipse插件
有2种配置方式:
一种是在~/.sbt/0.13/plugins//build.sbt 里配置addPlugin,这种做法是全局的插件,即对本机所有sbt项目均使用。
另一种是每个项目不一样的plugins,则是在每个项目跟目录下project/plugins.sbt里进行插件配置。
比如test_sbt:
victor@victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ pwd
/home/victor/workspace/test_sbt 复制代码
victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree .
.
├── build.sbt
└── project
└── plugins.sbt
1 directory, 2 files 复制代码
plugins.sbt里面内容配置,添加插件:
addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.sbteclipse" % "sbteclipse-plugin" % "2.4.0") 复制代码
2.2、生成eclipse项目文件
然后进入到根目录sbt,成功进入sbt,运行eclipse命令生成eclipse的.classpath等eclipse相关文件:
victor@victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ ll
total 28
drwxrwxr-x 5 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 ./
drwxrwxr-x 8 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:28 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 0 8月 4 00:38 build.sbt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 589 8月 4 00:38 .classpath
drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 project/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 362 8月 4 00:38 .project
drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 src/
drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 target/ 复制代码
可以看到和maven的目录结构是相似的:
victor@victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree src
src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ └── scala
└── test
├── java
└── scala 复制代码
发现没有resouces目录:
在跟目录的build.sbt里添加:
EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource 复制代码
再执行sbt eclipse
victor@victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree src/
src/
├── main
│ ├── java
│ ├── resources
│ └── scala
└── test
├── java
├── resources
└── scala 复制代码
2.3、导入Eclipse中
我们进入Eclipse,利用导入向导的import existing project into workspace这一项进行导入。
至此,我们的项目结构搭建完成,可以像开发java maven项目一样的开发scala sbt项目了。
三、开发与部署
下面准备用一个实际例子演示在Scala里开发的一般步骤,最近用到scala里的json,就用json4s这个json lib来开发一个解析json的例子,json4s地址:https://github.com/json4s/json4s
3.1、添加依赖
我们如果想使用第三方的类,就需要添加依赖关系,和GAV坐标,这个再熟悉不过,我们需要编辑根目录下的build.sbt文件,添加依赖:
这里name,version,scalaVersion要注意每个间隔一行,其它的也是,不然会出错。
libraryDependencies是添加依赖的地方:我们添加2个。
resolvers是仓库地址,这里配置了多个。
如下:
name := "shengli_test_sbt"
version := "1.0"
scalaVersion := "2.10.3"
EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
"org.json4s" %% "json4s-native" % "3.2.10",
"org.json4s" %% "json4s-jackson" % "3.2.10"
)
resolvers ++= Seq(
// HTTPS is unavailable for Maven Central
"Maven Repository" at "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
"Apache Repository" at "https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/releases",
"JBoss Repository" at "https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases/",
"MQTT Repository" at "https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/",
"Cloudera Repository" at "http://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/",
// For Sonatype publishing
// "sonatype-snapshots" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots",
// "sonatype-staging" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/",
// also check the local Maven repository ~/.m2
Resolver.mavenLocal
) 复制代码
再次运行sbt eclipse,则依赖的jar包会自动加载到classpath:
3.2、测试程序
一个简单的解析Json的程序,程序很简单,这里就不解释了。
package com.shengli.json
import org.json4s._
import org.json4s.JsonDSL._
import org.json4s.jackson.JsonMethods._
object JsonSbtTest extends Application{
case class Winner(id: Long, numbers: List[Int])
case class Lotto(id: Long, winningNumbers: List[Int], winners: List[Winner], drawDate: Option[java.util.Date])
val winners = List(Winner(23, List(2, 45, 34, 23, 3, 5)), Winner(54, List(52, 3, 12, 11, 18, 22)))
val lotto = Lotto(5, List(2, 45, 34, 23, 7, 5, 3), winners, None)
val json =
("lotto" ->
("lotto-id" -> lotto.id) ~
("winning-numbers" -> lotto.winningNumbers) ~
("draw-date" -> lotto.drawDate.map(_.toString)) ~
("winners" ->
lotto.winners.map { w =>
(("winner-id" -> w.id) ~
("numbers" -> w.numbers))}))
println(compact(render(json)))
println(pretty(render(json)))
} 复制代码
至此我们在eclipse能运行Run as Scala Application,但是如何加依赖打包发布呢?
3.3、Assembly
还记得Spark里面的assembly吗?那个就是发布用的,sbt本身支持的clean compile package之类的命令,但是带依赖的one jar打包方式还是assembly比较成熟。
Sbt本身的命令:参考http://www.scala-sbt.org/0.13/tutorial/Running.html 和http://www.scala-sbt.org/0.13/docs/Command-Line-Reference.html
Assembly:
Assembly是作为一种插件的,所以要在project下面的plugins.sbt里面配置,至此plugins.sbt文件里内容如下:
resolvers += Resolver.url("artifactory", url("http://scalasbt.artifactoryonline.com/scalasbt/sbt-plugin-releases"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns)
resolvers += "Typesafe Repository" at "http://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/releases/"
addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.sbteclipse" % "sbteclipse-plugin" % "2.4.0")
addSbtPlugin("com.eed3si9n" % "sbt-assembly" % "0.11.2") 复制代码
除了插件的配置之外,还需要配置跟目录下build.sbt,支持assembly,在文件头部加入:
import AssemblyKeys._
assemblySettings 复制代码
至此build.sbt文件内容如下:
import AssemblyKeys._
assemblySettings
name := "shengli_test_sbt"
version := "1.0"
scalaVersion := "2.10.3"
EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
"org.json4s" %% "json4s-native" % "3.2.10",
"org.json4s" %% "json4s-jackson" % "3.2.10"
)
resolvers ++= Seq(
// HTTPS is unavailable for Maven Central
"Maven Repository" at "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
"Apache Repository" at "https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/releases",
"JBoss Repository" at "https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases/",
"MQTT Repository" at "https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/",
"Cloudera Repository" at "http://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/",
// For Sonatype publishing
// "sonatype-snapshots" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots",
// "sonatype-staging" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/",
// also check the local Maven repository ~/.m2
Resolver.mavenLocal
) 复制代码
运行sbt assembly命令进行发布:
> assembly
[info] Updating {file:/home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/}test_sbt...
[info] Resolving org.fusesource.jansi#jansi;1.4 ...
[info] Done updating.
[info] Compiling 1 Scala source to /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/classes...
[warn] there were 1 deprecation warning(s); re-run with -deprecation for details
[warn] one warning found
[info] Including: scala-compiler-2.10.0.jar
[info] Including: scala-library-2.10.3.jar
[info] Including: json4s-native_2.10-3.2.10.jar
[info] Including: json4s-core_2.10-3.2.10.jar
[info] Including: json4s-ast_2.10-3.2.10.jar
[info] Including: paranamer-2.6.jar
[info] Including: scalap-2.10.0.jar
[info] Including: jackson-databind-2.3.1.jar
[info] Including: scala-reflect-2.10.0.jar
[info] Including: jackson-annotations-2.3.0.jar
[info] Including: json4s-jackson_2.10-3.2.10.jar
[info] Including: jackson-core-2.3.1.jar
[info] Checking every *.class/*.jar file's SHA-1.
[info] Merging files...
[warn] Merging 'META-INF/NOTICE' with strategy 'rename'
[warn] Merging 'META-INF/LICENSE' with strategy 'rename'
[warn] Merging 'META-INF/MANIFEST.MF' with strategy 'discard'
[warn] Merging 'rootdoc.txt' with strategy 'concat'
[warn] Strategy 'concat' was applied to a file
[warn] Strategy 'discard' was applied to a file
[warn] Strategy 'rename' was applied to 2 files
[info] SHA-1: d4e76d7b55548fb2a6819f2b94e37daea9421684
[info] Packaging /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar ...
[info] Done packaging.
[success] Total time: 39 s, completed Aug 4, 2014 1:26:11 AM 复制代码
我们发现文件发布到了/home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar
那我们来执行一下,看是否成功:
执行:
java -cp /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar com.shengli.json.JsonSbtTest 复制代码
victor@victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ java -cp /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar com.shengli.json.JsonSbtTest
{"lotto":{"lotto-id":5,"winning-numbers":[2,45,34,23,7,5,3],"winners":[{"winner-id":23,"numbers":[2,45,34,23,3,5]},{"winner-id":54,"numbers":[52,3,12,11,18,22]}]}}
{
"lotto" : {
"lotto-id" : 5,
"winning-numbers" : [ 2, 45, 34, 23, 7, 5, 3 ],
"winners" : [ {
"winner-id" : 23,
"numbers" : [ 2, 45, 34, 23, 3, 5 ]
}, {
"winner-id" : 54,
"numbers" : [ 52, 3, 12, 11, 18, 22 ]
} ]
}
} 复制代码
证实发布的结果是成功的。
四、总结
本文介绍了在Eclipse里利用Sbt构建开发Scala程序的一般步骤,并用实例讲解了整个流程。
用sbt eclipse插件生成sbt文件目录结构,sbt eclipse命令来生成更新jar包依赖。
用assebly插件对scala应用进行打包发布。