Swift和Keystone整合单机安装
问题导读
1.swift与keystone如何整合安装？
2.如何配置Swift代理服务器？
3.如何配置Swift账户服务器？
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一般网上搜索到的资料都是介绍整个Openstack的安装过程的，通常都是长篇累牍，非常复杂。因为个人的虚拟机环境，没有太高调配置，不可能完整运行Openstack的各种服务，只想体验一下Swift，于是试着只安装Swift和Keystone。对于Openstack支持最好的也就算是Ubuntu发行版了，甚至在较新的13.0版以上都直接集成了。因为只安装单机版本的Swift和Keystone，因此不需要双网卡，所有业务和控制都走一个网络即可。网络规划简单。首先，下载安装Ubuntu，这里选择12.04 LTS版本。安装软件包：通用工具：sudo apt-get install openssh-server
Keystone：sudo apt-get install keystone python-keystone python-keystoneclient
Swift：sudo apt-get install swift swift-proxy swift-account swift-container swift-object
ssh server是为了远程登录使用，在Windows下使用终端工具登录便于与Linux系统交互。Keystone 安装完成后即可正常运行，不需要作任何配置。默认情况下，Keystone使用SQLite来存储数据。执行如下命令同步Keystone的数据库：sudo service keystone restart
sudo keystone-manage db_sync
Swift安装和配置过程稍微复杂一些。首先要为Swift准备存储节点。Swift的三个Ring使用的是XFS的文件系统，因此需要为其新增一块虚拟硬盘，这里在一块硬盘上面模拟4个虚拟节点，来模拟Swfit环。在虚拟机管理界面上面为系统添加一块硬盘，重启系统后，可以看到该硬盘已经被系统识别。本系统上面的硬盘设备名为：/dev/sdb，使用fdisk /dev/sdb为该硬盘创建分区，先建扩展分区，再建一个主分区。然后再给该分区创建文件系统，使用mkfs.xfs命令创建xfs文件系统。这些操作可以单独再网络上搜索到详尽的指导，这里不再详述。创建好系统后，将该XFS格式的文件系统mount到系统目录下，这里mount到/swift目录。然后使用mount命令，可以看到系统已经多了一个XFS的分区：/dev/sdb5 on /swift type xfs (rw)。最好能把该分区信息写到fstab中，这样系统启动时即会挂载该分区。在/swfit目录下新建四个子目录：root@u1:/swift# ls -l
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 swift swift 31 3月 18 21:35 node1
drwxr-xr-x 3 swift swift 31 3月 18 21:35 node2
drwxr-xr-x 3 swift swift 31 3月 18 21:35 node3
drwxr-xr-x 3 swift swift 31 3月 18 21:35 node4
root@u1:/swift#
指导手册中也有介绍采用回环文件作为存储空间的方法，需要的可以自己操作。建立运行环境：for i in {1..4}; do sudo ln -s /swift/node$i /srv/node$i; done;
sudo mkdir -p /etc/swift/account-server /etc/swift/container-server /etc/swift/object-server /srv/node1/device /srv/node2/device /srv/node3/device /srv/node4/device
sudo mkdir /run/swift
将如下命令写入系统启动脚本中：mkdir /run/swift
chown swift:swift /run/swift
使用Rsync来维护对象副本，许多swift服务都使用它保持对象一致性及进行更新操作。编辑 /etc/default/rsync文件：Set RSYNC_ENABLE=true然后编辑 /etc/rsyncd.conf配置文件，如下所示：# General stuff
uid = swift
gid = swift
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pid file = /run/rsyncd.pid
address = 127.0.0.1
# Account Server replication settings
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node1/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/account6012.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node2/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/account6022.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node3/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/account6032.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node4/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/account6042.lock
# Container server replication settings
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node1/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/container6011.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node2/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/container6021.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node3/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/container6031.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node4/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/container6041.lock
# Object Server replication settings
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node1/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/object6010.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node2/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/object6020.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node3/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/object6030.lock
max connections = 25
path = /srv/node4/
read only = false
lock file = /run/lock/object6040.lock
最后重新启动服务完成rsync配置：sudo service rsync restart
创建并编辑 /etc/swift/swift.conf文件，并写入如下配置：
# random unique string that can never change (DO NOT LOSE). I’m using 03c9f48da2229770.
# od -t x8 -N 8 -A n <; /dev/random
# The above command can be used to generate random a string.
swift_hash_path_suffix = 03c9f48da2229770
配置Swift代理服务器代理服务器是swift的门卫，它的职责是检测合法性。它将审查：一、请求是否伪造，二、请求使用资源的用户身份。具体操作由keystone之类的认证服务器来协助完成。创建并编辑 /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf并增加如下内容：
bind_port = 8080
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
# Order of execution of modules defined below
pipeline = catch_errors healthcheck cache authtoken keystone proxy-server
use = egg:swift#proxy
allow_account_management = true
account_autocreate = true
set log_name = swift-proxy
set log_facility = LOG_LOCAL0
set log_level = INFO
set access_log_name = swift-proxy
set access_log_facility = SYSLOG
set access_log_level = INFO
set log_headers = True
account_autocreate = True
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
use = egg:swift#catch_errors
use = egg:swift#memcache
set log_name = cache
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
auth_protocol = http
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
auth_port = 35357
auth_token = admin
service_protocol = http
service_host = 127.0.0.1
service_port = 5000
admin_token = admin
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = swift
admin_password = swift
delay_auth_decision = 0
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.swift_auth:filter_factory
operator_roles = admin, swiftoperator
is_admin = true
配置Swift账户服务器
默认swift容器服务配置文件为 /etc/swift/account-server.conf：
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
workers = 2
pipeline = account-server
use = egg:swift#account
所有的account server配置文件都在 /etc/swift/account-server目录中。与 /srv里的设备相对应，我们创建1.conf、2.conf等等文件，并将它们放到/etc/swift/account-server/下。以下是/etc/swift/account-server/1.conf配置文件的内容：
devices = /srv/node1
mount_check = false
bind_port = 6012
user = swift
log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
pipeline = account-server
use = egg:swift#account
vm_test_mode = no
对其它设备也是如此，比如/srv/node2、/srv/node3、/srv/node4等，我们分别创建2.conf，3.conf和4.conf与之对应。现在利用1.conf进行复制生成其余文件，并一一设置唯一的绑定端口及本地日志值：sudo cp /etc/swift/account-server/1.conf /etc/swift/account-server/2.conf
sudo cp /etc/swift/account-server/1.conf /etc/swift/account-server/3.conf
sudo cp /etc/swift/account-server/1.conf /etc/swift/account-server/4.conf
注意：拷贝完成后，修改其中的设备地址和日志标志符。配置Swift容器服务器默认swift容器服务配置文件为 /etc/swift/container-server.conf：
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
workers = 2
pipeline = container-server
use = egg:swift#container
与account-server类似，我们同样创建 /etc/swift/container-server/1.conf等等文件与 /srv设备匹配，这是1.conf文件内容：
devices = /srv/node1
mount_check = false
bind_port = 6011
user = swift
log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
pipeline = container-server
use = egg:swift#container
vm_test_mode = no
同Account一样，需要为每一个设备准备一份配置。配置Swift对象服务器，默认swift容器服务配置文件为 /etc/swift/object-server.conf：
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
workers = 2
pipeline = object-server
use = egg:swift#object
与account-server和container-server一样，我们同样创建 /etc/swift/object-server/1.conf等等文件与 /srv设备匹配，这是1.conf文件内容：
devices = /srv/node1
mount_check = false
bind_port = 6010
user = swift
log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
pipeline = object-server
use = egg:swift#object
vm_test_mode = no
配置Swift Ring服务器
Ring是swift的一个极为重要的组件，它维护着对象的真实物理位置信息，对象的副本及多种设备。创建与对象服务、容器服务和账户服务相对应的ring-builder文件：pushd /etc/swift
sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder create 18 3 1
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder create 18 3 1
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder create 18 3 1
注意：执行以上命令时需要在 /etc/swift目录下。
命令中的参数指定了分区、副本和小时的数量，用来限制分区多次移动。可以参考man页面中的swift-ring-builder获取更多信息。现在添加区域以均衡ring服务。命令格式如下：swift-ring-builder <builder_file> add <zone>-<ip_address>:<port>/<device><weight>
执行下列命令：sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder add z1-127.0.0.1:6010/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder add z2-127.0.0.1:6020/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder add z3-127.0.0.1:6030/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder add z4-127.0.0.1:6040/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder add z1-127.0.0.1:6011/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder add z2-127.0.0.1:6021/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder add z3-127.0.0.1:6031/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder add z4-127.0.0.1:6041/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder add z1-127.0.0.1:6012/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder add z2-127.0.0.1:6022/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder add z3-127.0.0.1:6032/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder add z4-127.0.0.1:6042/device 1
sudo swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance
到此，所有的配置也就完成了，注意所有以上涉及修改的文件或者目录，都需要将文件的属主设定为swift和swift用户组。启动Swift服务，使用以下命令启动swift和REST API：sudo swift-init main start
sudo swift-init rest start
到此，所有的Swift配置就已经做完了。现在Swift已经是可以正常工作的了，但是目前系统里面是没有任何账号和容器的，不能上传对象。需要使用Keystone的客户端来创建账号。对于Keystone有几个概念：tenant，user，role，service，endpoint，对于这些概念，可以参考其他文章的介绍。这里tenant对于swift来说是account，只有有了account才能创建container，user是身份，user有用户名和密码，role可以认为是组队概念。endpoint是服务入口，是需要和service以及tenant绑定的。下面在Keystone上面一一创建这些实体：#创建两个租户，对于Swift也就是两个account
keystone tenant-create --name service
keystone tenant-create --name account2
#创建一个用户，用户名和密码都是swift
keystone user-create --name swift --pass swift --email swift@shentar.me
keystone user-create --name shentar --pass shentar --email shentar@shentar.me
#创建一个角色
keystone role-create --name admin
#创建两个服务，一个是keystone，另外一个是swift。
keystone service-create --name swift --type object-store --description 'OpenStack Storage Service'
keystone service-create --name keystone --type identity --description 'OpenStack Identity Service'
列举以上各个实体：
root@u1:~# keystone user-list
+----------------------------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| id | enabled | email | name |
+----------------------------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 492e829f4520429b950a3a7fbe4ae6eb | True | swift@shentar.me | swift |
| 914ec3cd303b4571b0dbaea1f9a0546e | True | shentar@shentar.me | shentar |
+----------------------------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
root@u1:~# keystone role-list
+----------------------------------+-------+
| id | name |
+----------------------------------+-------+
| 031e54d7c9d34f0fad667f423387c354 | admin |
+----------------------------------+-------+
root@u1:~# keystone tenant-list
+----------------------------------+----------+---------+
| id | name | enabled |
+----------------------------------+----------+---------+
| 665e59b3d6c240e8a66dbabe3ac2259d | account2 | True |
| d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0 | service | True |
+----------------------------------+----------+---------+
root@u1:~# keystone service-list
+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------+
| id | name | type | description |
+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------+
| 8906dfcdefa14e6388edb0e3ad264b29 | keystone | identity | OpenStack Identity Service |
| d01427a1449d469482798971a88bb92f | swift | object-store | OpenStack Storage Service |
+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------+
#为两个服务创建endpoint，注意swift服务的endpoint需要AUTH_34fb2227caae4edcb052ebec7cc78abe以这样的内容作为后缀，其中AUTH_后面的是tenant_id，注意到是下面的id需要以自己系统生成的为准，照搬这里的命令肯定会出错。
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id 8906dfcdefa14e6388edb0e3ad264b29 --publicurl 'http://192.168.1.109:5000/v2.0' --adminurl 'http://192.168.1.109:35357/v2.0' --internalurl 'http://192.168.1.109:5000/v2.0'
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id d01427a1449d469482798971a88bb92f --publicurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_665e59b3d6c240e8a66dbabe3ac2259d' --adminurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1' --internalurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_665e59b3d6c240e8a66dbabe3ac2259d'
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id d01427a1449d469482798971a88bb92f --publicurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0' --adminurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1' --internalurl 'http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0'
#将用户加入到租户中，一个用户只能加入到一个租户中。将swift用户加入到service租户中：
keystone user-role-add --user 492e829f4520429b950a3a7fbe4ae6eb --role 031e54d7c9d34f0fad667f423387c354 --tenant_id d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0
#将shentar用户也加入到service租户中：
keystone user-role-add --user 914ec3cd303b4571b0dbaea1f9a0546e --role 031e54d7c9d34f0fad667f423387c354 --tenant_id d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0
这样就可以使用用户名和密码获取token和访问的url了：swift -v -V 2.0 -A http://192.168.1.109:5000/v2.0/ -U service:swift -K swift stat
这条命令返回的是swift租户在service租户下的token和访问的url。同样的swift -v -V 2.0 -A http://192.168.1.109:5000/v2.0/ -U service:shentar -K shentar stat
返回的是shentar用户的。
接下来就可以使用上面获取到的token和url来发送REST HTTP请求了：root@u1:~# curl -X PUT
http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0/testcontainer -H "X-Auth-Token: 63de715ee3a04b669e021ee3bc333433"
201 Created
root@u1:~# curl -i -X HEAD http://192.168.1.109:8080/v1/AUTH_d2d8fc718cde4a9e9f6d7175313efad0/ -H "X-Auth-Token: 63de715ee3a04b669e021ee3bc333433"
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
X-Account-Object-Count: 0
X-Account-Bytes-Used: 0
X-Account-Container-Count: 1
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 0
X-Trans-Id: txbfdff903df11407895042f1ec8e95299
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2014 16:12:59 GMT
到此整个Swift和Keystone也就安装完成了。
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