本帖最后由 sunshine_junge 于 2014-12-27 11:19 编辑
问题导读:
1.Master如何根据启动参数决定不同重启策略?
2.CuratorFramework实现Zookeeper的高可用?
如果Spark的部署方式选择Standalone,一个采用Master/Slaves的典型架构,那么Master是有SPOF(单点故障,Single Point of Failure)。Spark可以选用ZooKeeper来实现HA。
ZooKeeper提供了一个Leader Election机制,利用这个机制可以保证虽然集群存在多个Master但是只有一个是Active的,其他的都是Standby,当Active的Master出现故障时,另外的一个Standby Master会被选举出来。由于集群的信息,包括Worker, Driver和Application的信息都已经持久化到文件系统,因此在切换的过程中只会影响新Job的提交,对于正在进行的Job没有任何的影响。加入ZooKeeper的集群整体架构如下图所示。
1. Master的重启策略
Master在启动时,会根据启动参数来决定不同的Master故障重启策略 :
ZOOKEEPER实现HA FILESYSTEM:实现Master无数据丢失重启,集群的运行时数据会保存到本地/网络文件系统上 丢弃所有原来的数据重启
Master::preStart()可以看出这三种不同逻辑的实现。
override def preStart() {
logInfo("Starting Spark master at " + masterUrl)
...
//persistenceEngine是持久化Worker,Driver和Application信息的,这样在Master重新启动时不会影响
//已经提交Job的运行
persistenceEngine = RECOVERY_MODE match {
case "ZOOKEEPER" =>
logInfo("Persisting recovery state to ZooKeeper")
new ZooKeeperPersistenceEngine(SerializationExtension(context.system), conf)
case "FILESYSTEM" =>
logInfo("Persisting recovery state to directory: " + RECOVERY_DIR)
new FileSystemPersistenceEngine(RECOVERY_DIR, SerializationExtension(context.system))
case _ =>
new BlackHolePersistenceEngine()
}
//leaderElectionAgent负责Leader的选取。
leaderElectionAgent = RECOVERY_MODE match {
case "ZOOKEEPER" =>
context.actorOf(Props(classOf[ZooKeeperLeaderElectionAgent], self, masterUrl, conf))
case _ => // 仅仅有一个Master的集群,那么当前的Master就是Active的
context.actorOf(Props(classOf[MonarchyLeaderAgent], self))
}
} 复制代码
RECOVERY_MODE是一个字符串,可以从spark-env.sh中去设置。
val RECOVERY_MODE = conf.get("spark.deploy.recoveryMode", "NONE") 复制代码
如果不设置spark.deploy.recoveryMode的话,那么集群的所有运行数据在Master重启是都会丢失,这个结论是从BlackHolePersistenceEngine的实现得出的。
private[spark] class BlackHolePersistenceEngine extends PersistenceEngine {
override def addApplication(app: ApplicationInfo) {}
override def removeApplication(app: ApplicationInfo) {}
override def addWorker(worker: WorkerInfo) {}
override def removeWorker(worker: WorkerInfo) {}
override def addDriver(driver: DriverInfo) {}
override def removeDriver(driver: DriverInfo) {}
override def readPersistedData() = (Nil, Nil, Nil)
} 复制代码
它把所有的接口实现为空。PersistenceEngine是一个trait。作为对比,可以看一下ZooKeeper的实现。
class ZooKeeperPersistenceEngine(serialization: Serialization, conf: SparkConf)
extends PersistenceEngine
with Logging
{
val WORKING_DIR = conf.get("spark.deploy.zookeeper.dir", "/spark") + "/master_status"
val zk: CuratorFramework = SparkCuratorUtil.newClient(conf)
SparkCuratorUtil.mkdir(zk, WORKING_DIR)
// 将app的信息序列化到文件WORKING_DIR/app_{app.id}中
override def addApplication(app: ApplicationInfo) {
serializeIntoFile(WORKING_DIR + "/app_" + app.id, app)
}
override def removeApplication(app: ApplicationInfo) {
zk.delete().forPath(WORKING_DIR + "/app_" + app.id)
} 复制代码
Spark使用的并不是ZooKeeper的API,而是使用的org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework 和 org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.leader.{LeaderLatchListener, LeaderLatch} 。Curator在ZooKeeper上做了一层很友好的封装。
2. 集群启动参数的配置
简单总结一下参数的设置,通过上述代码的分析,我们知道为了使用ZooKeeper至少应该设置一下参数(实际上,仅仅需要设置这些参数。通过设置spark-env.sh:
spark.deploy.recoveryMode=ZOOKEEPER
spark.deploy.zookeeper.url=zk_server_1:2181,zk_server_2:2181
spark.deploy.zookeeper.dir=/dir
// OR 通过一下方式设置
export SPARK_DAEMON_JAVA_OPTS="-Dspark.deploy.recoveryMode=ZOOKEEPER "
export SPARK_DAEMON_JAVA_OPTS="${SPARK_DAEMON_JAVA_OPTS} -Dspark.deploy.zookeeper.url=zk_server1:2181,zk_server_2:2181" 复制代码
各个参数的意义:
参数
默认值
含义
spark.deploy.recoveryMode
NONE
恢复模式(Master重新启动的模式),有三种:1, ZooKeeper, 2, FileSystem, 3 NONE
spark.deploy.zookeeper.url
ZooKeeper的Server地址
spark.deploy.zookeeper.dir
/spark
ZooKeeper 保存集群元数据信息的文件目录,包括Worker,Driver和Application。
3. CuratorFramework简介
CuratorFramework极大的简化了ZooKeeper的使用,它提供了high-level的API,并且基于ZooKeeper添加了很多特性,包括
自动连接管理:连接到ZooKeeper的Client有可能会连接中断,Curator处理了这种情况,对于Client来说自动重连是透明的。 简洁的API:简化了原生态的ZooKeeper的方法,事件等;提供了一个简单易用的接口。 Recipe的实现(更多介绍请点击Recipes ):
Leader的选择 共享锁 缓存和监控 分布式的队列 分布式的优先队列
CuratorFrameworks通过CuratorFrameworkFactory来创建线程安全的ZooKeeper的实例。
CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient()提供了一个简单的方式来创建ZooKeeper的实例,可以传入不同的参数来对实例进行完全的控制。获取实例后,必须通过start()来启动这个实例,在结束时,需要调用close()。
/**
* Create a new client
*
*
* @param connectString list of servers to connect to
* @param sessionTimeoutMs session timeout
* @param connectionTimeoutMs connection timeout
* @param retryPolicy retry policy to use
* @return client
*/
public static CuratorFramework newClient(String connectString, int sessionTimeoutMs, int connectionTimeoutMs, RetryPolicy retryPolicy)
{
return builder().
connectString(connectString).
sessionTimeoutMs(sessionTimeoutMs).
connectionTimeoutMs(connectionTimeoutMs).
retryPolicy(retryPolicy).
build();
} 复制代码
需要关注的还有两个Recipe:org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.leader.{LeaderLatchListener, LeaderLatch}。
首先看一下LeaderlatchListener,它在LeaderLatch状态变化的时候被通知:
在该节点被选为Leader的时候,接口isLeader()会被调用 在节点被剥夺Leader的时候,接口notLeader()会被调用
由于通知是异步的,因此有可能在接口被调用的时候,这个状态是准确的,需要确认一下LeaderLatch的hasLeadership()是否的确是true/false。这一点在接下来Spark的实现中可以得到体现。
/**
* LeaderLatchListener can be used to be notified asynchronously about when the state of the LeaderLatch has changed.
*
* Note that just because you are in the middle of one of these method calls, it does not necessarily mean that
* hasLeadership() is the corresponding true/false value. It is possible for the state to change behind the scenes
* before these methods get called. The contract is that if that happens, you should see another call to the other
* method pretty quickly.
*/
public interface LeaderLatchListener
{
/**
* This is called when the LeaderLatch's state goes from hasLeadership = false to hasLeadership = true.
*
* Note that it is possible that by the time this method call happens, hasLeadership has fallen back to false. If
* this occurs, you can expect {@link #notLeader()} to also be called.
*/
public void isLeader();
/**
* This is called when the LeaderLatch's state goes from hasLeadership = true to hasLeadership = false.
*
* Note that it is possible that by the time this method call happens, hasLeadership has become true. If
* this occurs, you can expect {@link #isLeader()} to also be called.
*/
public void notLeader();
} 复制代码
LeaderLatch负责在众多连接到ZooKeeper Cluster的竞争者中选择一个Leader。Leader的选择机制可以看ZooKeeper的具体实现,LeaderLatch这是完成了很好的封装。我们只需要要知道在初始化它的实例后,需要通过。
public class LeaderLatch implements Closeable
{
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private final CuratorFramework client;
private final String latchPath;
private final String id;
private final AtomicReference<State> state = new AtomicReference<State>(State.LATENT);
private final AtomicBoolean hasLeadership = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private final AtomicReference<String> ourPath = new AtomicReference<String>();
private final ListenerContainer<LeaderLatchListener> listeners = new ListenerContainer<LeaderLatchListener>();
private final CloseMode closeMode;
private final AtomicReference<Future<?>> startTask = new AtomicReference<Future<?>>();
.
.
.
/**
* Attaches a listener to this LeaderLatch
* <p/>
* Attaching the same listener multiple times is a noop from the second time on.
* <p/>
* All methods for the listener are run using the provided Executor. It is common to pass in a single-threaded
* executor so that you can be certain that listener methods are called in sequence, but if you are fine with
* them being called out of order you are welcome to use multiple threads.
*
* @param listener the listener to attach
*/
public void addListener(LeaderLatchListener listener)
{
listeners.addListener(listener);
} 复制代码
通过addListener可以将我们实现的Listener添加到LeaderLatch。在Listener里,我们在两个接口里实现了被选为Leader或者被剥夺Leader角色时的逻辑即可。
4. ZooKeeperLeaderElectionAgent的实现
实际上因为有Curator的存在,Spark实现Master的HA就变得非常简单了,ZooKeeperLeaderElectionAgent实现了接口LeaderLatchListener,在isLeader()确认所属的Master被选为Leader后,向Master发送消息ElectedLeader,Master会将自己的状态改为ALIVE。当noLeader()被调用时,它会向Master发送消息RevokedLeadership时,Master会关闭。
private[spark] class ZooKeeperLeaderElectionAgent(val masterActor: ActorRef,
masterUrl: String, conf: SparkConf)
extends LeaderElectionAgent with LeaderLatchListener with Logging {
val WORKING_DIR = conf.get("spark.deploy.zookeeper.dir", "/spark") + "/leader_election"
// zk是通过CuratorFrameworkFactory创建的ZooKeeper实例
private var zk: CuratorFramework = _
// leaderLatch:Curator负责选出Leader。
private var leaderLatch: LeaderLatch = _
private var status = LeadershipStatus.NOT_LEADER
override def preStart() {
logInfo("Starting ZooKeeper LeaderElection agent")
zk = SparkCuratorUtil.newClient(conf)
leaderLatch = new LeaderLatch(zk, WORKING_DIR)
leaderLatch.addListener(this)
leaderLatch.start()
} 复制代码
在prestart中,启动了leaderLatch来处理选举ZK中的Leader。就如在上节分析的,主要的逻辑在isLeader和noLeader中。
override def isLeader() {
synchronized {
// could have lost leadership by now.
//现在leadership可能已经被剥夺了。。详情参见Curator的实现。
if (!leaderLatch.hasLeadership) {
return
}
logInfo("We have gained leadership")
updateLeadershipStatus(true)
}
}
override def notLeader() {
synchronized {
// 现在可能赋予leadership了。详情参见Curator的实现。
if (leaderLatch.hasLeadership) {
return
}
logInfo("We have lost leadership")
updateLeadershipStatus(false)
}
} 复制代码
updateLeadershipStatus的逻辑很简单,就是向Master发送消息。
def updateLeadershipStatus(isLeader: Boolean) {
if (isLeader && status == LeadershipStatus.NOT_LEADER) {
status = LeadershipStatus.LEADER
masterActor ! ElectedLeader
} else if (!isLeader && status == LeadershipStatus.LEADER) {
status = LeadershipStatus.NOT_LEADER
masterActor ! RevokedLeadership
}
} 复制代码
5. 设计理念
为了解决Standalone模式下的Master的SPOF,Spark采用了ZooKeeper提供的选举功能。Spark并没有采用ZooKeeper原生的Java API,而是采用了Curator,一个对ZooKeeper进行了封装的框架。采用了Curator后,Spark不用管理与ZooKeeper的连接,这些对于Spark来说都是透明的。Spark仅仅使用了100行代码,就实现了Master的HA。当然了,Spark是站在的巨人的肩膀上。
引用:http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/33740737