本帖最后由 howtodown 于 2015-3-9 11:38 编辑
问题导读
1.什么是命名服务?
2.命名服务如何发布?
3.服务消费者启动包含哪些操作?
命名服务
是指通过指定的名字来获取资源或者服务的地址,提供者的信息。利用Zookeeper很容易创建一个全局的路径,而这个路径就可以作为一个名字,它可以指向集群中的集群,提供的服务的地址,远程对象等。简单来说使用Zookeeper做命名服务就是用路径作为名字,路径上的数据就是其名字指向的实体。 阿里巴巴集团开源的分布式服务框架Dubbo中使用ZooKeeper来作为其命名服务,维护全局的服务地址列表。在Dubbo实现中: 服务提供者在启动的时候,向ZK上的指定节点/dubbo/${serviceName}/providers目录下写入自己的URL地址,这个操作就完成了服务的发布。 服务消费者启动的时候,订阅/dubbo/{serviceName}/providers目录下的提供者URL地址, 并向/dubbo/{serviceName} /consumers目录下写入自己的URL地址。 注意,所有向ZK上注册的地址都是临时节点,这样就能够保证服务提供者和消费者能够自动感应资源的变化。 另外,Dubbo还有针对服务粒度的监控,方法是订阅/dubbo/{serviceName}目录下所有提供者和消费者的信息。
场景实践上面的介绍已经满详细,实际实现起来也比较容易。下面讲讲模拟程序的主要特点。模拟程序有3个参数 - -m 程序运行的方式,指定是服务提供者provider还是服务消费者consumer,或者是服务监控者monitor
- -n 表示服务名称
- -s 表示Zookeeper的服务地址IP:PORT
运行命令如下:
服务提供者:
>nameservice -m provider -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181
服务消费者:
>nameservice -m consumer -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181
服务监控者:
>nameservice -m monitor -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181
第一条命令是启动一个服务提供进程,它提供了一个名为query_bill的服务,程序首次运行时会创建
/NameService,/NameService/query_bill,/NameService/query_bill/provider,/NameService/query_bill/consumer/等几个路径。然后在服务提供进程在/NameService/query_bill/provider下创建临时序列节点. 第二条命令是启动一个服务消费进程,它在/NameService/query_bill/consumer/下创建临时序列节点,并watch/NameService/query_bill/provider的子节点变化事件,及时更新provider列表。 第三条命令是启动一个服务监控进程,它watch /NameService/query_bill/provider,/NameService/query_bill/consumer/两个路径的子节点变化,及时更新provider列表和comsumer列表。 完整的代码如下:
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<string.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <netdb.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include"zookeeper.h"
- #include"zookeeper_log.h"
-
- enum MODE{PROVIDER_MODE,CONSUMER_MODE,MONITOR_MODE} g_mode;
- char g_host[512]= "172.17.0.36:2181";
- char g_service[512]={ 0 };
- char g_path[512]="/NameService";
-
- //watch function when child list changed
- void zktest_watcher_g(zhandle_t* zh, int type, int state, const char* path, void* watcherCtx);
- //show all process ip:pid
- void show_list(zhandle_t *zkhandle,const char *path);
- //if success,the g_mode will become MODE_MONITOR
- void choose_mater(zhandle_t *zkhandle,const char *path);
- //get localhost ip:pid
- void getlocalhost(char *ip_pid,int len);
-
- void print_usage();
- void get_option(int argc,const char* argv[]);
-
- /**********unitl*********************/
- void print_usage()
- {
- printf("Usage : [nameservice] [-h] [-m mode] [-n servicename] [-s ip:port] \n");
- printf(" -h Show help\n");
- printf(" -m set mode:provider,consumer,monitor\n");
- printf(" -n set servicename\n");
- printf(" -s server ip:port\n");
- printf("For example:\n");
- printf(" nameservice -m provider -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181 \n");
- printf(" nameservice -m consumer -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181 \n");
- printf(" nameservice -m monitor -n query_bill -s172.17.0.36:2181 \n");
- }
-
- void get_option(int argc,const char* argv[])
- {
- extern char *optarg;
- int optch;
- int dem = 1;
- const char optstring[] = "hm:n:s:";
-
-
- while((optch = getopt(argc , (char * const *)argv , optstring)) != -1 )
- {
- switch( optch )
- {
- case 'h':
- print_usage();
- exit(-1);
- case '?':
- print_usage();
- printf("unknown parameter: %c\n", optopt);
- exit(-1);
- case ':':
- print_usage();
- printf("need parameter: %c\n", optopt);
- exit(-1);
- case 'm':
- if (strcasecmp(optarg,"provider") == 0){
- g_mode = PROVIDER_MODE;
- }else if (strcasecmp(optarg,"consumer") == 0){
- g_mode = CONSUMER_MODE;
- }else{
- g_mode = MONITOR_MODE;
- }
- break;
- case 'n':
- strncpy(g_service,optarg,sizeof(g_service));
- break;
- case 's':
- strncpy(g_host,optarg,sizeof(g_host));
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- void zktest_watcher_g(zhandle_t* zh, int type, int state, const char* path, void* watcherCtx)
- {
- /*
- printf("watcher event\n");
- printf("type: %d\n", type);
- printf("state: %d\n", state);
- printf("path: %s\n", path);
- printf("watcherCtx: %s\n", (char *)watcherCtx);
- */
-
- if(type == ZOO_CHILD_EVENT &&
- state == ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE &&
- g_mode == CONSUMER_MODE){
-
- printf("providers list changed!\n");
- show_list(zh,path);
- }else if(type == ZOO_CHILD_EVENT &&
- state == ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE &&
- g_mode == MONITOR_MODE){
-
- printf("providers or consumers list changed!\n");
-
- char child_path[512];
- printf("providers:\n");
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/provider",g_path,g_service);
- show_list(zh,child_path);
-
- printf("consumers:\n");
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/consumer",g_path,g_service);
- show_list(zh,child_path);
- }
- }
- void getlocalhost(char *ip_pid,int len)
- {
- char hostname[64] = {0};
- struct hostent *hent ;
-
- gethostname(hostname,sizeof(hostname));
- hent = gethostbyname(hostname);
-
- char * localhost = inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr*)(hent->h_addr_list[0])));
-
- snprintf(ip_pid,len,"%s:%d",localhost,getpid());
- }
-
- void show_list(zhandle_t *zkhandle,const char *path)
- {
-
- struct String_vector procs;
- int i = 0;
- char localhost[512]={0};
-
- getlocalhost(localhost,sizeof(localhost));
-
- int ret = zoo_get_children(zkhandle,path,1,&procs);
-
- if(ret != ZOK){
- fprintf(stderr,"failed to get the children of path %s!\n",path);
- }else{
- char child_path[512] ={0};
- char ip_pid[64] = {0};
- int ip_pid_len = sizeof(ip_pid);
- printf("--------------\n");
- printf("ip\tpid\n");
- for(i = 0; i < procs.count; ++i){
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s",path,procs.data[i]);
- //printf("%s\n",child_path);
- ret = zoo_get(zkhandle,child_path,0,ip_pid,&ip_pid_len,NULL);
- if(ret != ZOK){
- fprintf(stderr,"failed to get the data of path %s!\n",child_path);
- }else if(strcmp(ip_pid,localhost)==0){
- printf("%s(Master)\n",ip_pid);
- }else{
- printf("%s\n",ip_pid);
- }
- }
- }
-
- for(i = 0; i < procs.count; ++i){
- free(procs.data[i]);
- procs.data[i] = NULL;
- }
- }
- int create(zhandle_t *zkhandle,const char *path,const char *ctx,int flag)
- {
- char path_buffer[512];
- int bufferlen=sizeof(path_buffer);
-
- int ret = zoo_exists(zkhandle,path,0,NULL);
- if(ret != ZOK){
- ret = zoo_create(zkhandle,path,ctx,strlen(ctx),
- &ZOO_OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,flag,
- path_buffer,bufferlen);
- if(ret != ZOK){
- fprintf(stderr,"failed to create the path %s!\n",path);
- }else{
- printf("create path %s successfully!\n",path);
- }
- }
-
- return ZOK;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
- {
- int timeout = 30000;
- char path_buffer[512];
- int bufferlen=sizeof(path_buffer);
- int ret = 0;
- zoo_set_debug_level(ZOO_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR); //设置日志级别,避免出现一些其他信息
-
- get_option(argc,argv);
-
- zhandle_t* zkhandle = zookeeper_init(g_host,zktest_watcher_g, timeout, 0, (char *)"NameService Test", 0);
-
- if (zkhandle ==NULL)
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error when connecting to zookeeper servers...\n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
-
- create(zkhandle,g_path,"NameService Test",0);
-
- sprintf(path_buffer,"%s/%s",g_path,g_service);
- create(zkhandle,path_buffer,"NameService Test",0);
-
- sprintf(path_buffer,"%s/%s/provider",g_path,g_service);
- create(zkhandle,path_buffer,"NameService Test",0);
-
- sprintf(path_buffer,"%s/%s/consumer",g_path,g_service);
- create(zkhandle,path_buffer,"NameService Test",0);
-
- if(g_mode == PROVIDER_MODE){
-
- char localhost[512]={0};
- getlocalhost(localhost,sizeof(localhost));
-
- char child_path[512];
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/provider/",g_path,g_service);
- ret = zoo_create(zkhandle,child_path,localhost,strlen(localhost),
- &ZOO_OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,ZOO_SEQUENCE|ZOO_EPHEMERAL,
- path_buffer,bufferlen);
- if(ret != ZOK){
- fprintf(stderr,"failed to create the child_path %s,buffer:%s!\n",child_path,path_buffer);
- }else{
- printf("create child path %s successfully!\n",path_buffer);
- }
-
- }else if (g_mode == CONSUMER_MODE){
-
- char localhost[512]={0};
- getlocalhost(localhost,sizeof(localhost));
-
- char child_path[512];
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/consumer/",g_path,g_service);
- ret = zoo_create(zkhandle,child_path,localhost,strlen(localhost),
- &ZOO_OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,ZOO_SEQUENCE|ZOO_EPHEMERAL,
- path_buffer,bufferlen);
- if(ret != ZOK){
- fprintf(stderr,"failed to create the child_path %s,buffer:%s!\n",child_path,path_buffer);
- }else{
- printf("create child path %s successfully!\n",path_buffer);
- }
-
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/provider",g_path,g_service);
- show_list(zkhandle,child_path);
-
- }else if(g_mode == MONITOR_MODE){
- char child_path[512];
- printf("providers:\n");
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/provider",g_path,g_service);
- show_list(zkhandle,child_path);
-
- printf("consumers:\n");
- sprintf(child_path,"%s/%s/consumer",g_path,g_service);
- show_list(zkhandle,child_path);
- }
-
- getchar();
-
- zookeeper_close(zkhandle);
-
- return 0;
- }
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