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在CDH集群中启用及配置Kerberos详解教程

fc013 发表于 2017-9-30 20:00:37 [显示全部楼层] 只看大图 回帖奖励 阅读模式 关闭右栏 2 40054


问题导读:


1.如何安装及配置KDC服务?
2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos?
3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务?






1.文档编写目的

文档主要分为以下几步:

1.安装及配置KDC服务
2.CDH集群启用Kerberos
3.Kerberos使用

这篇文档将重点介绍如何在CDH集群启用及配置Kerberos,并基于以下假设:

1.CDH集群运行正常
2.集群未启用Kerberos
3.MySQL 5.1.73

以下是本次测试环境,但不是本操作手册的必需环境:

1.操作系统:CentOS 6.5
2.CDH和CM版本为5.12.0
3.采用root用户进行操作

2.KDC服务安装及配置

本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上(KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器)

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]yum -y install krb5-serverkrb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation[/mw_shl_code]

21.jpg

2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]vim /etc/krb5.conf
[logging]
default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

[libdefaults]
default_realm = FAYSON.COM
dns_lookup_realm = false
dns_lookup_kdc = false
ticket_lifetime = 24h
renew_lifetime = 7d
forwardable = true

[realms]
FAYSON.COM = {
  kdc = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com
  admin_server = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com
}

[domain_realm]
.ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM
ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM[/mw_shl_code]

标红部分为需要修改的信息。

22.jpg

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
*/admin@FAYSON.COM    *[/mw_shl_code]

23.png

4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf
[kdcdefaults]
kdc_ports = 88
kdc_tcp_ports = 88

[realms]
FAYSON.COM= {
  #master_key_type = aes256-cts
  max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s
  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal des-hmac-sha1:n
ormal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:normal
}[/mw_shl_code]

标红部分为需要修改的配置。

25.jpg

5.创建Kerberos数据库

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s
Loading random data
Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',
master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM'
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
Enter KDC database master key:
Re-enter KDC database master key to verify: [/mw_shl_code]

26.jpg

此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal fayson/admin@CLOUDERA.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit[/mw_shl_code]

27.jpg

标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号,需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务,并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

[mw_shl_code=shell,true][root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# chkconfig krb5kdc on
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# chkconfig kadmin on
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service krb5kdc start
Starting Kerberos 5 KDC:                                   [  OK  ]
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service kadmin start
Starting Kerberos 5 Admin Server:                          [  OK  ]
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# [/mw_shl_code]

27.jpg

8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

[mw_shl_code=shell,true][root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Password for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM:
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/05/17 16:39:17  09/06/17 16:39:17  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM
        renew until 09/12/17 16:39:17
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# [/mw_shl_code]

28.jpg

9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端,包括Cloudera Manager

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]
yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation[/mw_shl_code]

29.jpg

10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]yum -y install openldap-clients[/mw_shl_code]

30.jpg

11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]scp -r /etc/krb5.conf root@172.31.5.190:/etc/[/mw_shl_code]

此处使用脚本进行拷贝

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]sh b.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf  /etc/
krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   
krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   
krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   
krb5.conf                                                                          100%  451     0.4KB/s  00:00    [/mw_shl_code]

31.jpg

3.CDH集群启用Kerberos

1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit[/mw_shl_code]

33.jpg

2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”-> “安全”界面

34.jpg
35.jpg

3.选择“启用Kerberos”,进入如下界面

确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

36.jpg


4.点击“继续”,配置相关的KDC信息,包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal(hdfs,yarn,,hbase,hive等)的更新生命期等

37.jpg

5.点击“继续”

38.jpg

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”

39.jpg

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号,必须和之前创建的账号一致,点击“继续”

40.jpg

8.等待启用Kerberos完成,点击“继续”

41.jpg

9.点击“继续”

42.jpg

10.勾选重启集群,点击“继续”

43.jpg

11.等待集群重启成功,点击“继续”

44.jpg

至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用

使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive,需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit[/mw_shl_code]

45.jpg

2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

[mw_shl_code=shell,true][root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kdestroy
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kinit fayson
Password for fayson@FAYSON.COM:
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: fayson@FAYSON.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/05/17 17:19:08  09/06/17 17:19:08  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM
        renew until 09/12/17 17:19:08[/mw_shl_code]

46.jpg

3.运行MapReduce作业

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1
...
Starting Job
17/09/02 20:10:43 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1504383005209_0001
17/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 running in ubermode : false
17/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map0% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:09 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map20% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map40% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:13 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map50% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:15 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map60% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:16 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map70% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:19 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map80% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:21 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map100% reduce 0%
17/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map100% reduce 100%
17/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 completedsuccessfully[/mw_shl_code]

47.jpg

4.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com@FAYSON.COM
...
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
...
INFO  : OK
+-------------+--+
|  tab_name   |
+-------------+--+
| test_table  |
+-------------+--+
1 row selected (0.194 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test_table;
...
INFO  : OK
+----------------+----------------+--+
| test_table.s1  | test_table.s2  |
+----------------+----------------+--+
| 4              | lisi           |
| 1              | test           |
| 2              | fayson         |
| 3              | zhangsan       |
+----------------+----------------+--+
4 rows selected (0.144 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> [/mw_shl_code]


49.jpg

运行Hive MapReduce作业

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test_table;
...
INFO  : OK
+------+--+
| _c0  |
+------+--+
| 4    |
+------+--+
1 row selected (35.779 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> [/mw_shl_code]

50.jpg

5.常见问题

使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

[mw_shl_code=shell,true]main : run as user is fayson
main : requested yarn user is fayson
Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,whichis below the minimum allowed 1000

Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
Job Finished in 6.184 seconds
java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist:hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        atorg.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)[/mw_shl_code]

51.jpg

问题原因:是由于Yarn限制了用户id小于10000的用户提交作业;

解决方法:修改Yarn的min.user.id来解决

52.jpg




来源:weixin
作者:Cloudera中国



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