问题导读
1、api中怎样使用GET方法的接口?
2、如何使用token id调用你使用的api?
3、获取认证token值的命令是什么?
openstack官方有提供api供开发者使用,可以使用api做一些外围的小工具,用来简化对openstack的管理。本篇主要讲解api中使用GET方法的接口,其余的POST、DELETE方法以后介绍。
api-quickstart:http://docs.openstack.org/api/quick-start/content/index.html
api-doc:http://api.openstack.org/api-ref.html
环境:ubuntu12.10(10.1.1.186)
如果你看了官方的quickstart,他会让你先生成一个X-Auth-Token值,然后使用这个认证的值调用相关的api接口。如下过程:
- curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "guol", "password":"123456"}}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool
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输出结果如下:
- {
- "access": {
- "serviceCatalog": {},
- "token": {
- "expires": "2013-01-27T04:55:35Z",
- "id": "a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e"
- },
- "user": {
- "id": "4c1a6122fc874a8bb541a34be3b316ad",
- "name": "guol",
- "roles": [],
- "roles_links": [],
- "username": "guol"
- }
- }
- }
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然后使用token id调用你使用的api
- curl -X 'GET' -H "X-Auth-Token:a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e" -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tenants | python -mjson.tool
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输出的结果如下:
- {
- "tenants": [
- {
- "description": "\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u5458,\u5168\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee",
- "enabled": true,
- "id": "3a3613f83183435d9c47aa362261f720",
- "name": "admin"
- }
- ],
- "tenants_links": []
- }
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当你按照api-doc接着调用compute、image、volume等下面的api接口时,会发现统统没有返回值,经过一段时间的摸索,发现对下剩下的api接口是需要使用认证过的token才能使用的,下面的方法才是王道。
获取认证token值
- curl -X POST -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "VM", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool
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返回值如下:
- {
- "access": {
- "metadata": {
- "is_admin": 0,
- "roles": [
- "141927156f7a47d98858e51febaea8cf"
- ]
- },
- "serviceCatalog": [
- {
- "adpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "id": "e02aaf58a24641049fddfe7385ce9399",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "nova",
- "type": "compute"
- },
- {
- "endpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",
- "id": "7c48fa4d876d44e0a3cb324a45a14931",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "glance",
- "type": "image"
- },
- {
- "endpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "id": "c08114987bc0443d879436db6290dd08",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "volume",
- "type": "volume"
- },
- {
- "endpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Admin",
- "id": "cd6c3c2ac44340d6a78cb903ec9bcab3",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "ec2",
- "type": "ec2"
- },
- {
- "endpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1",
- "id": "a75755093500441ea954f4874ccecf15",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "swift",
- "type": "object-store"
- },
- {
- "endpoints": [
- {
- "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0",
- "id": "196e553f9bcc4c8fa425bc0fa28a144b",
- "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0",
- "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0",
- "region": "RegionOne"
- }
- ],
- "endpoints_links": [],
- "name": "keystone",
- "type": "identity"
- }
- ],
- "token": {
- "expires": "2013-01-27T05:06:50Z",
- "id": "71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94",
- "tenant": {
- "description": "\u6240\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u53d1\u5e03\u673a,\u5982\u8d5b\u5c14\u53f7,\u529f\u592b\u7b49",
- "enabled": true,
- "id": "170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",
- "name": "VM"
- }
- },
- "user": {
- "id": "24a2251c32504957ad2647c2448ffac3",
- "name": "admin",
- "roles": [
- {
- "name": "\u524d\u7aef\u6e38\u620f"
- }
- ],
- "roles_links": [],
- "username": "admin"
- }
- }
- }
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使用返回的token id和tenant id调用api返回该tenant下的servers
- curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token:71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94" -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers | python -mjson.tool
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返回结果如下
- {
-
- "servers": [
-
- {
-
- "id": "ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",
-
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",
-
- "rel": "self"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",
-
- "rel": "bookmark"
-
- }
-
- ],
-
- "name": "VM1"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "id": "e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",
-
- "links": [
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",
-
- "rel": "self"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",
-
- "rel": "bookmark"
-
- }
-
- ],
-
- "name": "VM2"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "id": "beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",
-
- "links": [
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",
-
- "rel": "self"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",
-
- "rel": "bookmark"
-
- }
-
- ],
-
- "name": "VM3"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "id": "f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",
-
- "links": [
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",
-
- "rel": "self"
-
- },
-
- {
-
- "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",
-
- "rel": "bookmark"
-
- }
-
- ],
-
- "name": "VM4"
-
- }
-
- ]
-
- }
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通过返回值可以看到vm tenant中共包含VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4四台实例。
下面附上一个python调用api获取特定tenant下运行实例的脚本
- #!/usr/bin/python
-
- import base64,urllib,httplib,json,os
-
- from urlparse import urlparse
-
-
- url1="10.1.1.186:35357"
-
- params1 = '{"auth": {"tenantName": "tenant-name", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}'
-
- headers1 = {"Content-Type": 'application/json'}
-
- conn1 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url1)
-
- conn1.request("POST","/v2.0/tokens",params1,headers1)
-
- response1 = conn1.getresponse()
-
- data1 = response1.read()
-
- dd1 = json.loads(data1)
-
- conn1.close()
-
-
-
- apitoken = dd1['access']['token']['id']
-
- apitenant= dd1['access']['token']['tenant']['id']
-
- apiurl = dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL']
-
- apiurlt = urlparse(dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL'])
-
-
- url2 = apiurlt[1]
-
- params2 = urllib.urlencode({})
-
- headers2 = { "X-Auth-Token":apitoken, "Content-type":"application/json" }
-
- conn2 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url2)
-
- conn2.request("GET", "%s/servers" % apiurlt[2], params2, headers2)
-
- response2 = conn2.getresponse()
-
- data2 = response2.read()
-
- dd2 = json.loads(data2)
-
- conn2.close()
-
- for i in range(len(dd2['servers'])):
-
- print dd2['servers'][i]['name']
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